Who assigns IP addresses on a global level?

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is responsible for the global coordination of the Internet's unique identifiers, including the assignment of IP addresses. This organization oversees the distribution of IP address blocks to regional internet registries (RIRs), which then allocate these addresses to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other organizations within their respective regions. This hierarchical structure is vital for maintaining an organized and efficient IP address system across the globe, ensuring that addresses are uniquely assigned and preventing conflicts.

In contrast, network service providers and local ISPs operate at a more localized level, managing IP addresses for their customers but not engaging in global assignments. Individual companies may utilize IP addresses but do not play a role in the assignment process at the global level either. This distinction solidifies ICANN’s pivotal role in the overarching structure of IP address management.